In Russia, electrical submersible pumps are crucial for oil production, and the most efficient method of regulation is through the use of variable frequency drives. Low-voltage frequency converters are commonly employed in submersible pump electric drives due to their cost-effectiveness. Multi-level frequency converters offer enhanced reliability with their redundancy of power cells, resulting in longer time between failures. The text presents calculations to demonstrate the reliability of submersible pumps regulated electric drives.

A new well intervention service tool, the Well Intervention Service Tool (WIST), has been developed and tested for lifting observation wells to perform oil saturation logging. The slim hole pumping system is powered through a wireline power cable and a multi-resettable inflatable packer system allows for improved operational efficiency. The prototype system was field-tested and found to be an alternative to expensive and logistically challenging coiled tubing and nitrogen lift jobs. The WIST can operate in a single run rather than multiple runs required with conventional packer design. Future improvement plans have been identified based on the trial. Solutions have been implemented to the issues encountered during the testing phase.

The demand for highly efficient power supplies based on renewable energy has increased, particularly for those operating in tough environments like northern territories. To save time and cost in designing and testing these power supplies, simulators are used to create valid solar panel I-V curves under various operating conditions, including consumed power rating, temperature, and solar irradiation. A recent study considered a solar panel simulator topology based on classical control theory principles using a pulse buck converter. A mathematical model of the converter was developed and realized in MATLAB/Simulink, and a prototype of the simulator was built, showing correspondence to the Simulink model. The simulator can provide a full-scale simulation of solar panels in different modes, with a maximum open circuit voltage of 60 V and a short circuit current of 60 A. The paper also discussed issues related to statistical processing of experimental data and visualizing the obtained curves. The developed simulator could help create a product line of energy-efficient power supplies for autonomous objects based on renewables, including those operating in northern territories.

Farmers face the challenge of a lack of water supply for irrigation during the dry season. Existing options such as fuel pumps or electricity-powered pumps are expensive to operate. DC submersible pumps, operating on solar energy, can be a solution to this problem. This study aimed to determine the operation duration and productivity of the DC submersible pump, using quantifiable approaches. The study's results showed that a 20 Ah battery with 60 Wp solar panels could power the submersible pump for 240 minutes at maximum voltage, and the discharge is directly proportional to the storage height. However, an increase in storage height by 0.5 meters resulted in a reduction of the discharge rate. The maximum limit of submersible pump push is 3.7 meters with a 3 per 4 inch hose. The study provides farmers with a reference point for determining the height of water storage for irrigation and offers an affordable solution to water scarcity in agriculture.

Russian oil companies are facing the issue of depletion in oil wells, leading to increased production costs, necessitating the requirement for more efficient downhole equipment of electric centrifugal pumps. Artificial neural networks are used in constructing an automated software program in Python for selecting characteristics of an electric centrifugal pump to a well using Tensorflow. Production well data from Vankorskoye field are used to form the training samples. Factors such as production well flow rate, pump supply, watering, oil density, water density, depth of upper perforations, bottom hole depth, tubing lowering depth, dynamic level, formation pressure, wellhead pressure, fluid viscosity, feed coefficient, tubing outer diameter, tubing roughness, and pipe wall thickness are included in the sample. These variables affect the selection of electric centrifugal pumps characteristics and have a mutual influence on each other. The algorithm is designed to provide optimization by selecting the most suitable pump characteristics, thereby resulting in power saving. A model of the neural network is created using software PyCharm, taking into account the influencing parameters to predict the best characteristics of an electric centrifugal pump.

The search for energy efficiency and cost reduction in medium to high flow artificial lift systems has become a priority due to energy crises. The use of statistical tools and innovative calculation methods for identifying energy deviation zones can quickly highlight the inefficiencies of a system and the potential for adjustments and optimizations. Online monitoring can be performed on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, allowing users to identify and prioritize energy deviations of large ESP fields. This methodology leads to an increase in the exploitation of producing wells, a more efficient system and a higher run life. Additionally, it allows for the detection of viable possibilities for adjustments and optimizations, reducing downtime and higher costs in ESP repairs. The monitoring of energy variables allows for an economical impact analysis of each operating point and the directing of actions towards an economic, ecological and sustainable strategy. The paper outlines the implementation results and the follow up of a methodology utilizing algorithms based on energy indicators from flow rates, linked to the characteristics of ESP pumps, with monitoring of production, electrical, economic and equipment positioning variables in fields with more than 1,200 ESP running.

A study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has found that using two wind turbines on a single floating platform could increase the amount of energy generated compared to using a single turbine. Analyzing a 5 MW model and using CENER's in-house multi-wind turbine simulation tool, researchers tested three different configurations in wind and wave loading conditions. These included a single floating wind turbine, forced platform movements on a bi-wind turbine, and a bi-wind turbine on a freely floating platform. The study found that having two side-by-side rotors on the same platform increased power generation. Several multi-wind turbine designs are currently being developed to decrease floating wind energy costs.

A new method has been developed to detect microscaled water droplets in lubricant oil for the purpose of submersible pump fault diagnosis. The detection method uses a simple optical measurement setup that is capable of providing real-time detection of submersible pump faults. The most common type of damage to submersible pumps is water inflow into the oil room due to mechanical seal degradation. The new method detects microscaled water droplets that flow into the oil room and predicts submersible pump faults. The experiment proved the effectiveness of this optical method for detecting water droplets contained in lubricant oil. The photodiode output voltage changes according to the power law as the inflow water quantity changes. Thus, with this new method, timely submersible pump fault detection is possible. This is a critical matter as without such timely detection, the submersible pump will not work continuously, which in turn affects the pumping of water for agricultural and domestic purposes.

Detecting early undesired conditions in centrifugal pumps can prevent consequential damage and reduce outage time and repair costs. One of the main causes of faults in centrifugal pumps is cavitation, which leads to impeller degradation and ultimately, pump material deterioration and breakdown. The diagnosis of a submersible centrifugal pump in this project demonstrates that it is possible to detect not only the presence of cavitation but also when it starts using the current and power signature analyses of its motor drive as diagnostic tools. By measuring experimental currents and voltages for different operating points of the pump, researchers were able to study the correlation between the cavitation phenomena and the power of the motor. This study provides insight into improving the maintenance and reliability of centrifugal pumps, reducing downtime and repair costs in the long run.

Mubadala Petroleum has investigated the power supply quality of its Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP), which are used to lift oil to the surface when reservoir pressure is too low to do so naturally, following multiple ESP failures in one of its oil fields. The study aimed to understand whether power supply quality could lead to system breakdown. Measurement tools were connected to Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) and power quality was assessed in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (%THD), as well as Partial Discharge (PD) to determine whether any electrical anomalies could lead to insulation failure. The study found different VFD models produced different levels of %THD but all designs tested fell within acceptable limits of 2-15%. However, significant levels of PD were observed, which suggested the possibility of electrical anomalies capable of causing cable insulation failure. The paper details the new approach used in the study which focused on investigating the power quality system and applying PD measurement methods that are a new addition to the ESP industry.

A new form of support for wind turbines has been designed that uses a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with active blade pitch control. This approach uses a semi-submersible Tri-Floater design, which supports a relatively small floater that can withstand large allowable angles. By coupling hydrodynamics, mooring system, aerodynamics, and control system simulations, the researchers designed a stronger and more efficient system. Their findings indicate that the floater can withstand extreme design loads, and that the active blade pitch control system minimizes governing loads on the floater. This system allows for a 20 percent lighter floater to support the VAWT with the same rated power, compared to a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with a similar design. The findings of this study pave the way for more efficient and sustainable wind energy production.

An energy management system incorporating a specific method for efficiency evaluation of electric submersible pumps (ESP) has led to significant cost savings and greenhouse gas emissions reductions for Blocks 16 & 67 of Ecuador, according to an article in World Oil. The system uses the Significance Matrix tool to analyze the performance of ESPs, their production history and electrical measurements, and to categorize each one as a significant or non-significant use of energy. Those categorized as significant are evaluated for optimization opportunities through technical and economic assessment, leading to a reduction in fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, efficiencies rose from 25.4% to 40.9%, leading to a projected reduction of 0.99 MW-day of energy consumption for artificial lift. The approach meets the ISO 50001 energy management system standard, and also identified non-profitable wells that were then replaced with more efficient ones.

Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) in deep oil wells are commonly monitored using downhole monitoring tools, which transmit data on the physical condition of the downhole to the surface. The most common communication method in the field is to use a direct current (dc) signal over three phases of the main power cable, with the ground as a return path. However, this method fails in the event of a single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault and is prone to failure in the presence of voltage unbalance. To address these issues, a new phase-to-phase communication scheme is proposed in this paper, using intentional disturbances to the ESP system to communicate binary data. The proposed method is evaluated using simulation through case and sensitivity studies, and theoretical formulas are derived. This new approach could help to improve the reliability and accuracy of downhole monitoring in ESP systems.

Industry is turning to floating offshore wind turbine solutions as a means of producing more electricity from renewable sources. However, mounting turbines on a floating platform can increase wind turbine loads and cause tower oscillations, which can negatively impact power output and the tower's fatigue life. To address these issues, a new approach was proposed using a turbine actively pitching-to-stall to reduce the blade's bending moment and fore-aft oscillations. The approach was tested using the time domain FAST v8 simulation tool and coupled with a floating semisubmersible platform. Results showed that the proposed approach effectively reduced detrimental oscillations and enhanced the tower's axial fatigue life by up to 20% in mean turbulent winds. Avoiding negative damping was also achieved through the pitch-to-stall control strategy. The conclusion suggests that this alternative control approach could benefit the future renewable portfolio of the industry.

Researchers have developed a numerical modelling tool using commercial computational fluid dynamics software to predict the dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) under aero-hydro-coupled conditions. In a paper that presented the tool, the researchers also identified challenges to predicting these responses, especially under combined wind-wave excitation environmental conditions. They performed a full-configuration FOWT simulation, with the simultaneous motion of the rotating blade due to six degrees of freedom (DOF) platform dynamics. The simulation showed that the FOWTs had a relatively heavy load on the hub and blade compared with onshore wind turbines, leading to a 7.8% increase in the thrust curve. However, the power curve decreased by 10% for the floating-type turbines as a result of the smaller project area and relative wind speed required for the rotor to receive wind power when the platform pitches. The simulation also observed and investigated tower-blade interference effects, blade-tip vortices, turbulent wakes, and shedding vortices in the fluid domain with relatively complex unsteady flow conditions.

A new well intervention service tool called the Well Intervention Service Tool (WIST) has been developed and field trial tested for lifting observation wells and logging oil saturation. The slim hole pumping system is powered through a wireline power cable and the multi-resettable inflatable packer system minimizes operational inefficiencies by allowing the pump to be positioned and repositioned as required, thus reducing the need for multiple runs. The WIST is lightweight and an alternative to coiled tubing and nitrogen lift jobs which are costly and logistically challenging. The field trial test was successful and future improvements are in place, as solutions to issues encountered during testing have already been implemented.

The growing need for energy efficiency and cost reduction in artificial lift systems due to energy crises has made it crucial to develop methods and tools that enable rapid, early, and efficient power consumption identification. By using statistical tools and innovative calculation methods, energy deviations zones of analysis can be generated based on ESP pump models and types of producing wells. These deviations can be identified and prioritized, and the required strategies for adjustment can be addressed based on reference efficiency frameworks. Online monitoring can be done daily, weekly or monthly, making it possible to detect and react early, improve system run life, and reduce downtime and repair costs in ESP systems. The methodology allows for an agile and dynamic way to identify and prioritize energy deviations, direct actions towards an economic, ecological and sustainable strategy, and sum up the economic impact in each operating point. The monitoring process integrates production, electrical, economic and equipment positioning variables in fields with more than 1,200 ESP running.

Farmers in dry seasons often suffer from a lack of water supply for irrigation, with current solutions being costly, such as fuel or PLN electricity-powered pumps. To address this, a study has found that using DC submersible pumps, powered by solar panels, can be a cost-effective solution. The study aimed to determine the duration of operation of the DC submersible pump using different batteries and solar panels and the productivity of the pump in terms of resulting discharge for various storage height conditions. The study found that the DC submersible pump could operate for 240 minutes with a 20 Ah battery and 60 Wp solar panels and that increasing storage height reduced the resulting discharge. The maximum height limit for submersible pump push was found to be 3.7 meters using a 3 per 4 inch hose. These results can serve as a reference point for farmers to determine water storage height and improve their water access during the dry season.

Efficient power supplies based on renewable energy are becoming increasingly popular, particularly for harsh environments such as the northern territories. To save costs and design time, simulators are used during both the designing and testing stages of power supplies that operate in these conditions. Solar panel simulators are particularly important, as they are coupled with power converters to stabilize output parameters and ensure proper power quality. The simulators must provide accurate I-V curves in varying ambient conditions such as temperature and solar irradiation. A solar panel simulator topology based on classical control theory involving a pulse buck converter was developed and tested using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulator provides full-scale simulation of solar panels in various operating modes, with an open circuit voltage of up to 60 V and a short circuit current of up to 60 A. The simulator may serve as a basis for developing energy-efficient power supplies for autonomous objects based on renewables, including those operating in northern territories. The research also explores statistical processing of experimental data and cognitive visualization of obtained curves through the use of cognitive graphic tools.

A new study has found that multi-turbine configurations on a floating platform can reduce the cost of floating wind power. The study, which was conducted using the NREL 5MW OC4 semi-submersible floating wind turbine, simulated three different configurations and found that having two turbines side by side on the same floating platform increased the amount of generated power. This is because the combined blockage effect on the incoming flow leads to a greater extraction of power compared to isolated rotors. The study used CENER’s in-house MUST (Multi wind tUrbine Simulation Tool), coupled to the aerodynamic module AeroVIEW (Aerodynamic Vortex fIlamEnt Wake). The configurations analyzed included a single floating wind turbine, a forced platform movement on a bi-wind turbine, and a bi-wind turbine freely floating platform. With the cost of floating wind energy high, these types of findings are crucial in helping to reduce the cost and make it a more attractive option for investors.

Oil companies in Russia are facing the challenge of depleted oil wells, resulting in increased production costs. This has led to a need for tools to improve the efficiency of downhole equipment, specifically electric centrifugal pumps. To address this, an automated software complex has been developed to select the characteristics of such pumps based on artificial neural networks. The software is written in Python using Tensorflow machine learning technologies, and training data from production wells in the Vankorskoye field have been used to develop the neural network model. This includes data on various factors that impact pump selection, such as production well flow rate, watering, depth, pressure, viscosity and more. A calculation algorithm has been created, and optimization by the selection of optimal pump characteristics has been shown to lead to power savings. Overall, the software complex offers a sophisticated and streamlined solution to the challenges faced by oil companies in Russia, providing them with the tools they need to streamline their operations and remain competitive.

Electrical submersible pumps are key for oil production in Russia, with a variable frequency drive the most effective way to regulate their performance. An electric drive with a low-voltage frequency converter is the system of choice in many oilfields due to its low cost. Multi-level frequency converters offer the advantage of high time between failures which is achieved through the redundancy of power cells. The text includes calculations on the reliability of submersible pumps regulated electric drives.

A Tri-Floater has been designed to support a 6 MW vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with active blade pitch control, and coupled simulations including hydrodynamics, mooring system, aerodynamics and control system have been performed to analyze the dynamics of floater and wind turbine. It is shown that the active blade pitch control system can minimize the governing loads on the floater, and a 20% lighter floater can be used as support structure for the VAWT with active blade pitch control, compared to a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with the same rated power. This means that the semi-submersible Tri-Floater offers significant advantages over traditional floating platforms for wind turbines, and presents promising opportunities for the offshore wind industry.

The early detection of undesired conditions during the operation of centrifugal pumps has become increasingly important in order to reduce outage time and repair costs. Faults in pumps can be caused by changes in flow conditions, such as cavitation, which can lead to impeller degradation and subsequent breakdown of pump material. In this study, the diagnosis of a submersible centrifugal pump was performed using current and power signature analyses of its motor drive. The experiments demonstrated that it is possible to detect not only the presence of cavitation but also when it first starts. The correlation between cavitation phenomena and motor power was studied by measuring experimental currents and voltages at different operating points of the pump. The detection of cavitation using motor drive analysis can help prevent consequential damages and boost the reliability and safety of centrifugal pumps.

To detect submersible pump faults in real-time, researchers have developed a new method that detects microscaled water drops contained in lubricant oil, as leaks caused by mechanical seal degradation is the most common cause of submersible pump malfunction. As submersible pumps are widely used in water, there has been limited research into their real-time monitoring to predict faults. The vibration and solid housing of submersible pumps, as well as their 24/7 operation, further complicate the selection of fault detection methods. To address these limitations, the researchers used a simple optical measurement setup with LEDs and photodiodes to detect microscaled water drops that flow into the oil room, measuring data that helps predict submersible pump faults. The researchers tested the method and confirmed its effectiveness in detecting water drop quantities in lubricant oil. They found that the photodiode output voltage changes in line with the power law when the quantity of inflowing water changes. The research provides an intelligent method for submersible pump fault detection that could be useful for maintenance and repair technicians.

Mubadala Petroleum conducted an investigation into power supply quality for electrical submersible pumps (ESP) after experiencing several ESP failures due to downhole ground faults. The investigation focused on the percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion (%THD) at various points in the system, including input and output of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) and the output of the step-up transformer. While different VFD models created different levels of output harmonics, acceptable levels ranging from 2-15% were observed for all designs tested. Power quality measurement tools also revealed no significant differences during well startup and shutdown periods. However, significant levels of partial discharge were observed at the medium voltage measuring point through to the downhole cable connections, indicating the possibility of electrical anomalies that could lead to cable insulation failure. The primary impact of high harmonic voltage distortion in ESP power systems is excessive heating, leading to insulation resistance deterioration, and partial discharge can also contribute to insulation failure of downhole connectors and cable splicing points. This investigation provides a systematic approach to the investigation of power quality systems for downhole ESP equipment and introduces the application of partial discharge measurement, which is new to the ESP industry.

Ecuador's Blocks 16 and 67 developed a procedure to identity energy improvement opportunities for electric submersible pumps (ESP) in their energy management system. Called the Significance Matrix, it integrated ESP field data with hydraulic and electrical power requirements to assess efficiency. The result allowed for the categorisation of ESP systems in significant or no-significant energy use, with significant ESP uses being further analysed and prioritised. The procedure's comparison between December 2014 and November 2017 showed an average reduction of 49 BDPD (barrels per day) in fuel consumption and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 20 tCO2 per day. Efficiency increased as well, from 25.4% to 40.9%, projecting a decrease of 0.99 MW-day in energy consumption. The analysis helped identify unprofitable wells that could be replaced with more efficient alternatives, leading to cost savings and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, demonstrating the success of the well intervention approach. The methodology adhered to the ISO 50001 standard, proving it to be an effective means of energy management.

A numerical modeling tool has been presented to accurately predict the system dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) under aero-hydro-coupled conditions. The tool utilized commercial computational fluid dynamics software, STAR-CCM+, to perform a fully coupled dynamic analysis of the DeepCwind semi-submersible floating platform with the National Renewable Engineering Lab (NREL) 5-MW baseline wind turbine model. The simulation involved a full-configuration FOWT model with the simultaneous motion of the rotating blade due to 6-DOF platform dynamics. A relatively heavy load on the hub and blade was observed for the FOWT compared with the onshore wind turbine, leading to a 7.8% increase in the thrust curve, while a 10% decrease in the power curve was observed for the floating-type turbines. The study also investigated the tower-blade interference effects, blade-tip vortices, turbulent wakes, and shedding vortices in the fluid domain with relatively complex unsteady flow conditions. This modeling tool provides improved accuracy in predicting the behavior of FOWTs and can aid in the development of more efficient and reliable offshore wind energy systems.

The use of floating offshore wind turbines is a potential future solution for generating more renewable electricity, but the floating platforms can increase the load on the turbines and lead to tower oscillations. To avoid negative damping and improve tower fatigue life, researchers explored the impact of a turbine actively pitching-to-stall with blades that feature back twist towards feather as they approach the tip. Using the FAST v8 simulation tool, the back-twisted pitch-to-stall blade was coupled to a floating semisubmersible platform. The results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce detrimental oscillations of power output and enhance the tower axial fatigue life by up to 20%. It was found that the blade's flapwise bending moment correlated with the tower base's fore-aft moment. The back-twisted pitch-to-stall blade approach also avoids negative damping, which could benefit industries looking to expand their renewable portfolio. Overall, the study highlights the potential of this approach to improve offshore wind turbine performance and extend their operating life.

The use of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) is prevalent in the oil industry to extract resources from deep wells. The operation of ESP systems is monitored using downhole monitoring tools that transmit data about the downhole's physical conditions such as temperature, pressure, and vibration. The most common method employed to communicate this data is to use a direct current signal over three phases of the main power cable with the ground serving as a return path. However, this method is prone to failure in the event of a single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault and voltage unbalance. To address these shortcomings, a new phase-to-phase communication scheme has been proposed, utilizing intentional disturbances applied to the ESP system as a means of binary communication. The proposed method's theoretical formulas are derived, and its performance is evaluated using simulation via case and sensitivity studies. The new communication scheme will rectify existing downhole monitoring tool design issues, thus improving ESP systems' reliability and effectiveness.