Summary

Top 10 papers analyzed

Lymphopenia, decreasing CD8+ T cells, was found in infected patients. Abnormally high respiratory rates are also seen in patients with severe COVID-19.Elevated heart rate is similarly a key sign and may be a cause of dizziness or shortness of breath in patients with COVID-19 . Blood pressure is additionally a clinical sign for patients with COVID-19 . Hypoxemia is also a sign that indicates a below-average level of oxygen saturation in the blood. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lymphocytes, leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, C-reactive protein, bilirubin, D-dimer are associated with COVID-19. Eosinophils regulate immune responses. Basophil level correlates with humoral response. CRP produced by hepatocytes, indicates cytokine storm. Aspartate transaminase indicates pulmonary fibrosis. Infected patients had lower calcium. High ferritin, severe lymphopenia, high CRP, D-dimer, ALT, AST indicate cytokine storm. High bilirubin in severe cases. D-dimer 3-4 fold increase indicates poor prognosis. Prothrombin time and CRP are elevated in COVID-19 positive patients . CRP is produced in the liver in response to inflammation and is a sensitive marker of inflammation in the body. An elevated CRP level along with other symptoms may indicate an active or current COVID-19 infection. Prothrombin time measures how long it takes your blood to clot and can be extended in people with COVID-19 due to complications like blood clots or organ damage.

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A two-step procedure was used for model selection and evaluation, including data splitting and hyper-parameter optimization. Randomization was controlled for repeatability. Best models were trained on a combined dataset for external validation.

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F Cabitza, A Campagner, D Ferrari… - Clinical Chemistry and …, 2021 - degruyter.com

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In COVID-19 positive patients, most blood parameters were normal except for prothrombin activity and CRP, which were elevated. Blood test parameters in COVID-19 patients differed significantly from those with other viral and bacterial infections.

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M Kukar, G Gunčar, T Vovko, S Podnar, P Černelč… - Scientific reports, 2021 - nature.com

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Some ML models were used to detect COVID-19 with improved accuracy. An ensemble model combining SVM and SMOTEBoost methods showed promising results.

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OO Abayomi-Alli, R Damaševičius, R Maskeliūnas… - Sensors, 2022 - mdpi.com

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A total of 11544 and 18985 measurements were performed for LDH and AST in the 2018/2019 period, compared to 13646 and 16932 measurements in the 2019/2020 period.

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D Ferrari, F Cabitza, A Carobene… - Acta Bio Medica: Atenei …, 2020 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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During the COVID-19 lockdown, changes in daily routines and reduced physical activity affected the health of people with chronic diseases, including diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders. Patients with chronic diseases were also more at risk of developing sleep disturbances.

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MAN Saqib, S Siddiqui, M Qasim, MA Jamil… - Diabetes & Metabolic …, 2020 - Elsevier

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High neutrophil levels and low lymphocyte levels are indicators of immune activation and impaired immune cell functions in severe COVID-19 cases. Other symptoms such as high respiratory and heart rates, elevated blood pressure, and hypoxemia are also observed in severely affected patients.

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S Aktar, MM Ahamad… - JMIR medical …, 2021 - medinform.jmir.org

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Most COVID-19 patients had fever, cough; blood tests helped diagnosis, prognosis.

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XS An, XY Li, FT Shang, SF Yang… - Annals of Clinical & …, 2020 - Assoc Clin Scientists

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IgM/IgG rapid test kits are not recommended for definitive diagnosis of Covid-19 in currently symptomatic patients due to low sensitivity. A database includes the results of various laboratory exams for 5644 patients.

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VA de Freitas Barbosa, JC Gomes… - Research on Biomedical …, 2021 - Springer

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Deep learning is a nonlinear type of machine learning that mimics the way humans learn. It can learn complex concepts unlike conventional linear algorithms.

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SB Rikan, AS Azar, A Ghafari, JB Mohasefi… - … Signal Processing and …, 2022 - Elsevier

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A patient with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure, diagnosed with COVID-19, was hospitalized. Their condition worsened, requiring mechanical ventilation.

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G Lu, J Wang - Clinica Chimica Acta, 2020 - Elsevier

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