Some nutritional compounds have shown potential in alleviating the effects of aging on brain health, particularly in terms of cognitive decline. One promising group of nutrients in this regard are the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These fatty acids have been associated with better cognitive function and a reduced risk of dementia in the elderly due to their anti-inflammatory effects. However, clinical studies investigating the effects of DHA and EPA supplementation in older adults have yielded inconsistent findings, and there is currently a lack of specific intake recommendations for this population. To address this, researchers have been exploring new structures of ω-3 LCPUFAs that offer enhanced bioavailability and potential health benefits. The development of these structured forms of EPA and DHA, derived from natural sources or designed specifically, could help improve their effectiveness as preventive interventions for age-related cognitive decline. In addition to omega-3 fatty acids, other nutritional interventions have also been considered for improving cognitive function in aging and dementia. Spices, herbs, nutritional derivatives, and probiotics have been investigated for their potential neuroprotective effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aggregate actions. These interventions may enhance brain blood flow and optimize neurotransmission, supporting cognitive performance in individuals with cognitive impairment. However, the efficacy of these interventions in patients with dementia or cognitive impairment remains uncertain, and there is a need for further research, including randomized double-blind clinical trials with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up. Additionally, standardized dosing and the use of current diagnostic criteria are necessary to evaluate the true therapeutic properties of these substances. Overall, ongoing research aims to shed light on the relationship between nutritional compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids and various plant derivatives, and healthy aging. By understanding the underlying mechanisms and optimizing interventions, it may be possible to develop effective preventive strategies and treatments for cognitive decline associated with aging and dementia.