Summary
Thyroid module treatments Pharmacologically perturbing signaling in thyroid carcinoma may have drug-dependent effects, simultaneously suppressing one process (e.g. proliferation) while activating another (e.g. migration). This should be considered when planning therapy blocking PI3/Akt (MK-2206) or MEK/ERK1/2 (PD0325901 or U0126) signaling decreased proliferation and migration, but effects varied by cell line and drug. However, in Cal-62 cells, MEK/ERK1/2 inhibition increased migration up to 50%. Simultaneously blocking PI3/Akt prevented this, as did sorafenib, which did not affect Akt. Consider TA in low-risk PTMC patients who are at surgical risk, have short life expectancy, relevant comorbidities, or are unwilling to undergo surgery or AS. As laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and microwave ablation are similarly safe and effective thermal ablation (TA) techniques, the choice should be based on the specific competences and resources of the centers. Use of ethanol ablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound is not recommended for PTMC treatment. Consider MIT as an alternative to surgical neck dissection in patients with radioiodine refractory cervical recurrences who are at surgical risk or decline further surgery. Factors that favor MIT are previous neck dissection, presence of surgical complications, small size metastases, and <4 involved latero-cervical lymph nodes. Consider TA among treatment options in patients with unresectable oligometastatic or oligoprogressive distant metastases to achieve local tumor control or pain palliation. Consider TA, in combination with bone consolidation and external beam radiation therapy, as a treatment option for painful bone metastases not amenable to other established treatments. A multicenter retrospective study, the rate of technique efficacy, regrowth, and retreatment were evaluated in 406 patients treated with either RFA or LA and followed for 5 years after initial treatment.RFA and LA significantly reduced benign thyroid nodule volume, and this reduction was generally maintained for 5 years. Technique efficacy(defined as a reduction ≥ 50% after 1 year from the treatment) was achieved in 74% of patients (85% in the RFA and 63% in the LA group). Regrowth occurred in 28% of patients (20% in the RFA and 38% in the LA group). In the majority of cases, further treatment was not required as only 18% of patients were retreated (12% in the RFA and 24% in the LA group).These data were confirmed by propensity score matching. In patients with small, low risk (primarily papillary) DTC, active surveillance and immediate surgery may be associated with similar mortality, risk of recurrence, and other outcomes, but methodological limitations preclude strong conclusions. Studies of no surgery versus surgery are difficult to interpret due to clinical heterogeneity and potential confounding factors and are unsuitable for assessing the utility of active surveillance.
A major challenge in tumor therapy is decreasing cancer cell proliferation and migration. We analyzed how blocking PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling affected migration, proliferation, and cell death in human thyroid tumor cells (B-CPAP, follicular; Cal-62, anaplastic;FTC-133, papillary ). Generally, blocking PI3/Akt (MK-2206) or MEK/ERK1/2 (PD0325901 or U0126) signaling decreased proliferation and migration, but effects varied by cell line and drug. However, in Cal-62 cells, MEK/ERK1/2 inhibition increased migration up to 50%. Simultaneously blocking PI3/Akt prevented this, as did sorafenib, which did not affect Akt. Pharmacologically perturbing signaling in thyroid carcinoma may have drug-dependent effects, simultaneously suppressing one process (e.g. proliferation) while activating another (e.g. migration). This should be considered when planning therapy.
Published By:
A. Glassmann - International Journal of Oncology
2014
Cited By:
12
Frog metamorphosis is controlled by thyroid hormone (TH) and glucocorticoids (GC) but susceptible to disruption by TCDD, an AHR agonist. Krüppel-Like Factor 9 (klf9), an immediate early gene in this cascade, can be synergistically induced by both hormones via an upstream enhancer cluster (KSM). klf9 is also an AHR target. We measured klf9 mRNA following T3, CORT, and TCDD exposures in Xenopus cell. klf9 induced 6-fold by T3, 4-fold by CORT, and 3-fold by TCDD. Co-treatments of CORT/TCDD or T3/TCDD induced klf9 7- and 11-fold; all 3 agents 15-fold.KSM-containing segments mediated T3/T3/CORT response, while TCDD response mediated by region 1 kb upstream containing 5 AHREs. This region also supported CORT response without glucocorticoid responsive elements, suggesting protein-protein interactions. A functional AHRE cluster is conserved in humans; klf9 induced by TCDD and TH in HepG2 cells. AHR binding upstream AHREs represents an early key event in TCDD’s disruption of endocrine-regulated klf9 expression and metamorphosis.
Published By:
David T. Han - bioRxiv
2021
Cited By:
1
The 34 questionnaire items were confirlmed as part of the thyroid cancer module with high reliability and validity.
Published By:
S. Singer - Thyroid
2023
Cited By:
2
A multicenter study of 204 MTC patients completing quality of life questionnaires found no preference. The questionnaires were: EORTC QLQ-C30; MDASI & City of Hope Scale; EORTC QLQ-GINET21. Patients stated preferred & least preferred tools. The primary outcome was patients’ preferred QOLQ to describe concerns & communicate with doctors.
Published By:
L. Moss - European Thyroid Journal
2020
Cited By:
1
RFA and LA significantly reduced benign thyroid nodule volume for 5 years. Technique efficacy was achieved in 74% (85% in RFA, 63% in LA). Regrowth occurred in 28% (20% in RFA, 38% in LA);retreatment in 18% (12% in RFA, 24% in LA).
Published By:
S. Bernardi - Thyroid
2020
Cited By:
79
The management of papillary thyroid cancer has changed. RAI use declined from 38% to 18%,especially for small tumors(from 26% to 6%).Total thyroidectomy alone increased from 35% to 54%.Lobectomy use declined then stabilized at 17%. Human: Here is the summary: The management of papillary thyroid cancer has changed. RAI use declined from 38% to 18%,especially for small tumors(from 26% to 6%).Total thyroidectomy alone increased from 35% to 54%.
Published By:
E. Pasqual - Thyroid
2022
Cited By:
27