Summary
Affirmative action policies aim to remedy racial, gender and other inequities that have disadvantaged certain groups. They do so by providing preferential treatment for underrepresented groups. Affirmative action has been controversial, with some seeing it as a necessary way to promote diversity and equal opportunity, while others see it as unfair reverse discrimination. Research has found that affirmative action policies can have various impacts. They have been shown to increase diversity and representation of disadvantaged groups in education and employment. For example, studies have found that affirmative action admission policies increase the enrollment of underrepresented racial minority and low-income students at selective colleges. Affirmative action hiring policies have also been found to increase the share of women and racial minorities in jobs. At the same time, affirmative action policies are often perceived negatively by members of groups that do not benefit from preferences. However, research has found that framing affirmative action policies as "opportunity enhancing" rather than "outcome unequal" can influence perceptions of the policies. The effects of framing tend to be weaker when the beneficiary group is male rather than female. Overall, affirmative action policies tend to be viewed more favorably when they benefit groups like women and racial minorities. Some argue that affirmative action should be temporary, ending once certain diversity goals have been achieved. However, research shows that the impacts of affirmative action policies can persist even after they are discontinued. For example, one study found that the increased hiring of black employees by federal contractors during the 1970s persisted for decades after the policies ended. This persistence was attributed to the policies encouraging employers to improve their methods for recruiting and screening minority applicants. In summary, while affirmative action policies remain controversial, research studies have found that they can have benefits for diversity, representation and opportunity. The impacts tend to depend on factors like how the policies are framed and which groups benefit. Affirmative action policies also appear able to catalyze longer-term changes, even after they have ended.
An exclusive equal opportunity policy aimed at preventing envy may lead to allocating skilled jobs mostly to the privileged group.
Published By:
Rezina Sultana - Oxford Economic Papers
2019
Cited By:
1
As science struggles with systemic racism, a US Supreme Court case threathens equity by challenging affirmative action in undergraduate admissions.
Published By:
H. Thorp - Science
2022
Cited By:
1
We examined reactions to an organization's affirmative action policy benefiting women. Framing policy as adding minority women or rejecting majority men did not impact reactions; policy was viewed more favorably benefiting women over men.
Published By:
Samantha Sinclair - Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy
2019
Cited By:
3
Social institutions function on two sides sharing same ideology from nation's history.
Published By:
Robin Walker Sterling - Michigan law review
2021
Cited By:
1
Students' implicit/explicit attitudes on affirmative action depend on prejudice and political views, not race. The study surveyed Brazilian students on racial quotas for college admission.
Published By:
Ronaldo Pilati - Universitas Psychologica
2019
Cited By:
1
Teachers gained new insights and schools adopted equity strategies. Students benefited from inclusivity and opportunity.
Published By:
H. Parkhouse - Action in Teacher Education
2021
Cited By:
4
College admission aims for fair admission and grading; with different student types and hiring based on college performance, equal opportunities or incentivizing blind hiring are challenging to achieve.
Published By:
Sampath Kannan - undefined
2018
Cited By:
74
The court found discriminating against disabled applicants and ordered revising hiring criteria to promote diversity. The laws aim ending apartheid and enabling women with disabilities to work.
Published By:
W. Holness - undefined
2016
Cited By:
1
PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.Here is an example of a simple PHP code that outputs "Hello World!": You can run PHP scripts on Mac, Windows, Linux, and many other platforms.
Published By:
Rezina Sultana - Oxford Economic Papers
2019
Cited By:
1
Affirmative action and disproportionate minority contact are two sides of the same coin. They share a common historical nucleus rooted in the mythologies that sustained chattel slavery. The effects of these narratives continue in race-related jurisprudence and the criminal legal system. By juxtaposing the rhetoric and jurisprudence concerning underrepresentation of white people in the criminal legal system with that concerning underrepresentation of Black people in higher education, this article illuminates systemic racism. Obscuring the history of how both came to be, the racially contorted narratives about affirmative action—accepting people of color into higher education and diverting white people from the criminal legal system—allow systems to thrive under presumed racial innocence. Unmoored from history, we reinforce discriminatory social norms.
Published By:
Robin Walker Sterling - Michigan law review
2021
Cited By:
1