Summary

Top 10 papers analyzed

Salmon, a popular fish worldwide, is subject to various risks, both biological and chemical. Raw consumption, especially through sushi, sashimi, or lightly processed dishes, increases exposure to hazards like Listeria monocytogenes, Diphyllobothrium species, and Anisakid larvae. These pathogens can cause illnesses such as listeriosis, diphyllobothriasis, and anisakiosis, particularly in raw or smoked products. Listeria contamination often originates from processing environments; inadequate pre-freezing or cooking may shift parasitical threats. Consumers' long-term health can be compromised by chemical pollutants like persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in farmed salmon, affecting the fish's nutritional value. Aquaculture practices contribute to contamination risks, including antibiotic resistance due to excessive antibiotic use in farming. Different cooking methods, such as baking or frying, can reduce some pollutants but may not eliminate all biological risks. Safe handling practices, effective monitoring systems, and rigorous hygiene standards in processing can mitigate some risks. Additionally, proper freezing and consumption awareness are crucial for reducing health impacts. It's essential to prioritize preventive interventions, stricter regulatory measures, and consumer education to ensure safer salmon consumption. These measures are vital given the growing popularity and global trade of raw salmon and other seafood, which continue to expand the reach of these health risks beyond traditional geographic confines.

Consensus Meter

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Non conclusive - 100%

L. monocytogenes was found in 33% of smoked salmon and 63% of drain samples in processing plants. Job rotation increased the risk of contamination, while well-maintained facilities were preventive.

Published By:

LM Rørvik, E Skjerve, BR Knudsen… - International journal of food …, 1997 - Elsevier

Raw fish consumption has increased, posing health risks from accumulated contaminants. Stricter safety regulations and analytical methods are needed to protect public health.

Published By:

J Lehel, R Yaucat-Guendi, L Darnay… - Critical reviews in …, 2021 - Taylor & Francis

Experts perceive a 'low' risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans from consuming salmon due to antibiotic use in Chilean salmon farming. The freshwater phase showed higher risk association, driven by antibiotic use, suggesting a need for targeted interventions to reduce this risk.

Published By:

M Salgado-Caxito, N Zimin-Veselkoff, AD Adell… - Antibiotics, 2022 - mdpi.com

An 11-year-old in Hawaii contracted a fish tapeworm from inadequately frozen salmon. Proper freezing of salmon prevents diphyllobothriasis risk.

Published By:

JW Hutchinson, JW Bass, DM Demers, GB Myers - 1997 - evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu

Raw fish consumption has increased, necessitating better safety regulations. Long-term consumption may pose health risks due to contaminants.

Published By:

J Lehel, R Yaucat-Guendi, L Darnay… - Critical reviews in …, 2021 - Taylor & Francis

Raw fish consumption in Portugal is 6.3 kg per person annually, with sushi and sashimi popular. Anisakiosis risk exists but appears small; more research and education are needed.

Published By:

O Golden, AJR Caldeira, MJ Santos - Food Control, 2022 - Elsevier

Smoking preserves fish through salting, dehydration, and bacteriostatic effects of phenols. Cold smoking at mild temperatures inhibits but doesn't eliminate microflora.

Published By:

T Løvdal - Food Control, 2015 - Elsevier

Globalization and travel increase consumption of exotic foods, posing infection risks. Many consumers have immunosuppressed conditions, heightening exposure risks.

Published By:

NS Hochberg, N Bhadelia - Infections of Leisure, 2016 - Wiley Online Library

Fish-eating was used for cultural differentiation and salmon's serving temperature became noteworthy. Sixteenth-century England linked hot salmon to leprosy, blending dietary and cultural views.

Published By:

J Lovinger - oxfordsymposium.org.uk

Turkish salmon contains trace metals like Fe, Zn, and Cu but poses no health risk. Carcinogenic elements are absent and non-carcinogenic elements are below hazardous levels.

Published By:

B Levent, A Elif, Ö Ayşah, Ş Fatih - Foods and Raw materials, 2021 - cyberleninka.ru