Summary
The international standards of TB care aims to provide quality diagnosis and treatment. It applies to all forms of tuberculosis,including people with HIV infection.Persistent cough for 2-3 weeks needs evaluation for tuberculosis.At least two sputum samples should be taken for microscopy.For extra-pulmonary tuberculosis,specimens from suspected sites should be obtained for microscopy and culture.Chest radiography and sputum culture should be done for people with radiological abnormalities.The diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis is based on at least three negative smears,chest radiography findings and no response to antibiotics.The diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children is based on radiological abnormalities and history of exposure or evidence of infection.Providers should ensure adherence to treatment.A 6-month regimen including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol should be used.Fixed-dose combinations are recommended.Response to treatment should be monitored clinically and microscopically.All providers should report cases to local health authorities.
Global experts identified 8 clinical standards for TB care, including testing, counselling and monitoring for individuals at risk. Aim is to guide TB infection assessment, management and TPT implementation.
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GB Migliori, SJ Wu, A Matteelli, D Zenner… - … of Tuberculosis and …, 2022 - ingentaconnect.com
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TB Care, TBCI PMU - 2014 - findtbresources.cdc.gov
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A 6-month treatment including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol should be used for tuberculosis. Providers should ensure adherence and report cases.
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PC Hopewell, M Pai, D Maher, M Uplekar… - The Lancet infectious …, 2006 - thelancet.com
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The ESTC and ISTC guidelines are consistent but differ on diagnosis and treatment; updating the ESTC in 2 years will further improve EU TB care.
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MJ Van der Werf, A Sandgren… - European …, 2014 - Eur Respiratory Soc
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The Stop TB Strategy and International Standards for Tuberculosis Care aim to expand DOTS strategy by engaging all health providers to diagnose,treat TB promptly following recommendations, ensure treatment response and report cases.
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GB Migliori, PC Hopewell, F Blasi… - European …, 2006 - Eur Respiratory Soc
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The WHO guidelines cover diagnosis,treatment of tuberculosis.Key recommendations:use Xpert Ultra to diagnose;treat drug-sensitive TB with 2HRZE/4HR;ensure drug susceptibility testing;strengthen labs;screen high-risk groups;ensure infection control;address suffering.
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World Health Organization - 2018 - apps.who.int
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The EU/EEA faces drug-resistant TB.The ESTC aim to complement ISTC by providing standards tailored to the EU/EEA.
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GB Migliori, G Sotgiu, F Blasi, A Zumla… - European …, 2011 - Eur Respiratory Soc
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The ESTC targets clinicians and public health workers, provide an easy-to-use resource and act as a guide through all the required activities to ensure optimal diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB. Countries should adopt the ESTC and develop/update guidelines and laboratory networks.
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GB Migliori, G Sotgiu, S Rosales-Klintz… - European …, 2018 - Eur Respiratory Soc
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Quality of TB care in public and private sectors falls short of international standards and needs improvement. Studies show systematic reviews and analyses highlight the need for better quality care.
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D Cazabon, H Alsdurf, S Satyanarayana… - International Journal of …, 2017 - Elsevier
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The quality of care in China can be compromised by integrating TB care into primary care, affecting population detection and treatment in rural areas.
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C Arsenault, S Roder-DeWan, ME Kruk - Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis …, 2019 - Elsevier
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