Summary
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), or dry eye, is a prevalent condition in dogs resulting from a deficiency in the tear film, affecting both its aqueous and qualitative components. This condition often arises from immune-mediated causes, particularly in susceptible breeds like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Shih Tzus. Quantitative KCS involves reduced aqueous tear production, frequently measured by the Schirmer tear test (STT), and is typically immune-related. On the other hand, qualitative KCS concerns deficiencies in the lipid or mucin layers of the tear film. The symptoms of KCS include ocular pain, discharge, and conjunctival redness, which can lead to severe complications, including vision loss, if untreated. Management of KCS necessitates a thorough ophthalmic examination for accurate diagnosis. Treatments focus on stimulating tear production and replacing tears. Agents like cyclosporine and tacrolimus are commonly used to stimulate tear production in immune-mediated cases, while tear replacements help manage symptomatic relief. Antibiotics can be necessary to address secondary infections. For cases unresponsive to medical therapy, surgical interventions may be considered. Due to the chronic nature of KCS, long-term therapy and regular monitoring are crucial to manage the condition effectively and preserve vision.
Three dogs with B. canis endophthalmitis were treated successfully, preserving vision in two. Brucella canis should be considered in dogs with intraocular inflammation.
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EC Ledbetter, MP Landry, T Stokol… - Veterinary …, 2009 - Wiley Online Library
KCS in dogs is an inflammatory eye condition causing dryness due to tear film deficiency. Treatment includes tear stimulants, lubricants, and topical immunosuppressive medications.
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K Malewska, A Rychlik, R Nieradka… - Polish Journal of …, 2011 - journals.pan.pl
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A Odunayo, JR Dodam, ME Kerl… - Journal of Veterinary …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library