Summary
A history of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia increases the risk of developing chronic hypertension in the future. According to several studies, women who have experienced gestational hypertension or preeclampsia have an increased risk, up to 7 times higher, of developing chronic hypertension later in their lives compared to women with normal blood pressure during pregnancy. The risk seems to be higher if the woman had severe preeclampsia or earlier onset of preeclampsia. This is likely due to endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance caused by preeclampsia, which often persists after delivery and predisposes women to developing hypertension. Obesity, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and a family history of hypertension also increase the risk of progressing to chronic hypertension after gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. The risk is higher for women who remain overweight after pregnancy. Losing weight and making healthy lifestyle changes may help lower this risk. Given their higher risk of developing chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, women with a history of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia should have their blood pressure monitored regularly, aim for optimal weight control, adopt a healthy diet, exercise and limit alcohol intake. They may also need to start antihypertensive medications sooner to prevent complications from chronic hypertension. Some studies suggest low-dose aspirin therapy may have a role in preventing preeclampsia recurrence and delaying the onset of chronic hypertension in these women. In summary, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia lead to significant vascular and metabolic changes that increase the risk of subsequent chronic hypertension. Close monitoring, lifestyle interventions and early treatment of high blood pressure are important for reducing health risks in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Further studies are still needed to determine the best strategy for preventing progression to chronic hypertension in these women.
History of preeclampsia increases risk of small-for-gestational-age infants in subsequent pregnancy, even without recurrent preeclampsia.
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A Palatnik, WA Grobman, ES Miller - American journal of obstetrics and …, 2016 - Elsevier
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Women who later develop chronic hypertension have higher left ventricular mass and blood pressure before onset. The study suggests early signs of insulin resistance.
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C Ghossein-Doha, M Spaanderman… - Reproductive …, 2014 - journals.sagepub.com
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Preeclampsia in women increases the risk of heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke. The severity of preeclampsia is linked to a higher long-term risk of cardiovascular disease.
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W Ying, JM Catov, P Ouyang - Journal of the American Heart …, 2018 - Am Heart Assoc
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The study in Taiwan found that maternal age and family history of sororal preeclampsia increased the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Having a sororal history of preeclampsia was a significant risk factor across all maternal ages.
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CT Wu, CF Kuo, CP Lin, YT Huang, SW Chen… - … Hypertension, 2021 - Elsevier
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A study on pregnant women with chronic hypertension found that antioxidant supplementation did not prevent preeclampsia, with 861 women randomized to receive vitamins or a placebo.
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LC Chappell, S Enye, P Seed, AL Briley, L Poston… - …, 2008 - Am Heart Assoc
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Maternal age, race, education, household income, smoking, folic acid supplementation, conception through ART, and infant sex were not significant risk factors for either GH or PE. Risk factors modify gestational age at delivery in women with GH or PE, with PE having more adverse outcomes than GH.
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M Shen, GN Smith, M Rodger, RR White, MC Walker… - PloS one, 2017 - journals.plos.org
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Both maternal and paternal hypertension were associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia in some groups, a study found. However, in women with normal weight, family history did not increase the risks.
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M Lewandowska - International Journal of Environmental Research and …, 2021 - mdpi.com
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A study of 586 pregnant women with chronic hypertension found that uncontrolled blood pressure and more antihypertensive medications early in pregnancy were associated with higher risks of severe hypertension, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age neonates.
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D Nzelu, D Dumitrascu-Biris, KH Nicolaides… - American Journal of …, 2018 - Elsevier
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Study analyzes recurrence rates of preeclampsia in women with history of preterm delivery. Included 500 women with previous preeclampsia.
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K Bramham, AL Briley, P Seed, L Poston… - American journal of …, 2011 - Elsevier
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Pregnant women with previous gestational hypertension were compared based on different criteria and rates of related outcomes were determined. Over 900 pregnancies were studied in the Antenatal Hypertension Clinic between 2011 and 2016.
Published By:
D Nzelu, D Dumitrascu-Biris, KF Hunt, M Cordina… - … hypertension, 2018 - Elsevier
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