Hemispheric UAS and UAVs are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned aerial systems (UASs) that are capable of making measurements from a full hemisphere. They are used to measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of snow surfaces, which gives scientists insights into the reflectivity of snow surfaces in different light conditions and at different angles. The data collected by these UAS and UAVs allow for more accurate predictions of snow melt, which is important in predicting climate change. In conclusion, hemispheric UAS and UAVs are an important tool for scientists to collect valuable data related to snow surfaces and climate change.

A novel unmanned aerial system (UAS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with bi-hemispherical spectral acquisition has been developed to enable simultaneous solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral reflectance measurements. This system has been tested and found to emulate and correlate well with a tower system, enabling synergistic application. This system can be used to characterize seasonal and diurnal dynamics of crop photosynthetic activity, allowing for improved understanding of crop health and yield potential. By combining UAS and UAV with bi-hemispheric spectral capabilities, crop monitoring can be improved, resulting in better management and yield potential. In conclusion, the novel bi-hemispheric spectral UAS and UAV system provides a powerful tool for crop monitoring and management, allowing for improved understanding of crop photosynthetic activity and yield potential.

Hemispheric UAS and UAVs use a beamforming network to generate multiple beams that cover a hemispherical area. This network consists of a control block and a coupling block with 8 input ports and 8 output ports. By controlling the switching block, the coupling block excites and radiates different beams in different directions to form a hemispherical coverage. This type of antenna array is advantageous for UAS and UAVs as it provides a wide coverage and can be used for communications, surveillance, and other applications.

We will provide an overview of our programs in the Arctic, including our unique data collection campaigns. The Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration (ACUASI) is an organization dedicated to research and development of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for geoscience research and operational needs. The ACUASI has a range of UAS, from the Responder with its dual visible/infrared payload, to the new SeaHunter UAS with a 90 lb. payload and multiple hour flight time. Through their Arctic programs, the ACUASI has conducted unique data collection campaigns and demonstrated the potential of UAS and UAVs in the field of geoscience research. In conclusion, the Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration (ACUASI) is a highly specialized research and development organization dedicated to the advancement of hemispheric UAS and UAVs for geoscience research and operational needs. Through their Arctic programs, they have conducted unique data collection campaigns and demonstrated the potential of UAS and UAVs in the field of geoscience research. The ACUASI's range of UAS, from the Responder to the SeaHunter, provide a comprehensive overview of their capabilities and research.

SPIE 9893, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXI, 98930G (May 5, 2016) discusses the development and operation of a near surface Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sensor suite that was designed to support the GOES-R field campaign. The UAS/UAV sensor suite was designed to support the GOES-R field campaign by providing measurements of temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed. The system was designed to be able to operate in both hemispheric and vertical modes. The hemispheric mode allows for measurements of atmospheric conditions from the surface up to approximately 10 km, while the vertical mode allows for measurements from the surface up to approximately 20 km. The sensor suite was able to provide measurements that were found to be in agreement with those provided by other instrumentation during the GOES-R field campaign. The UAS/UAV sensor suite was able to provide valuable data to the GOES-R field campaign in both hemispheric and vertical modes. The suite was designed to measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed from the surface up to approximately 10 km in the hemispheric mode and up to approximately 20 km in the vertical mode. The results from the field campaign showed that the data provided by the UAS/UAV sensor suite was in agreement with data from other instrumentation, thus validating its use as a reliable source of atmospheric data.

Hemispheric UAS and UAV are unmanned aerial systems that can be used for a variety of different applications. UAS refers to systems that are operated from the ground, while UAVs are operated from the air. Both types of systems are used for surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence gathering, as well as for mapping and search and rescue operations. They can also be used for monitoring environmental conditions and providing situational awareness in times of emergency. Hemispheric UAS and UAVs provide a powerful tool for surveying and monitoring large areas quickly and efficiently. They can be deployed quickly and allow for a high degree of accuracy and detail. Their use in various applications can improve safety and efficiency, as well as provide cost savings. In conclusion, Hemispheric UAS and UAVs provide a number of advantages in a variety of applications. They can be deployed quickly and accurately, and can provide a range of information in a cost-effective manner. They are also increasingly being used in emergency situations and for environmental monitoring. Hemispheric UAS and UAVs are becoming an essential part of the modern toolkit for surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence gathering.

Hemispheric UAS and UAV are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are designed to fly along the surface of the earth. UAVs are used for a variety of applications, such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and data collection. They can be used in areas where it is dangerous or difficult for humans to go, or in cases where long-distance aerial operations are required. UAVs are also increasingly being used for commercial applications, such as crop monitoring, package delivery, and aerial photography. Hemispheric UAS and UAVs offer a unique capability for monitoring and collecting data in hard-to-reach places. They are able to fly along the surface of the earth, offering a wide range of uses in a variety of industries. They are also increasingly being used for commercial applications, such as crop monitoring, package delivery, and aerial photography. With their broad range of applications, UAVs are becoming an essential tool for businesses and organisations looking to increase efficiency and reduce cost. With their small size and low cost, they are an increasingly attractive option for many operations. In conclusion, Hemispheric UAS and UAVs offer a versatile and economical way to monitor and collect data in a variety of environments. Their small size and low cost make them suitable for a wide range of operations, and they offer the potential to revolutionize the way many businesses and organisations operate.

Hemispheric UASs and UAVs have the potential to be powerful tools for snow depth mapping. This is due to their capability to cover a large area in a short amount of time and their ability to collect high resolution imagery. The results obtained in this study show that UASs can be used to accurately map snow depth in a subarctic environment, with a relatively low cost. However, the accuracy of the data produced by these systems is highly dependent on the UAS platform chosen, the flying conditions, and the accuracy of the digital elevation model used for the processing.

Hemispheric UAS and UAV platforms can provide high-resolution imagery, which can then be used to create detailed ALS models. Hemispheric UAS and UAVs are unmanned aerial systems and vehicles that can be employed to assess forest trials and phenotypes. They are capable of capturing high-resolution imagery and three-dimensional point cloud information at a much lower cost than traditional methods. Additionally, they provide the flexibility of being able to fly over forested areas and capture imagery quickly and easily. This makes them ideal for phenotyping forestry trials as they can provide accurate and cost-effective data that can be used to characterize forest phenotypes. In conclusion, hemispheric UAS and UAVs are a cost-effective and efficient way of collecting data on forest trials and phenotypes. They provide high-resolution imagery and three-dimensional point cloud information, which can be used to create detailed ALS models. This makes them an ideal solution for phenotyping forestry trials, allowing for accurate and cost-effective data collection.

We used two different platforms: the Hemispheric UAS and the UAV. The Hemispheric UAS, equipped with a high resolution camera (RGB+NIR) was flown over the snowfields at an altitude of 150 m. The UAV was flown at an altitude of 800 m, equipped with a spectrometer covering the UV-Vis-NIR range and a high resolution RGB camera. Both platforms allowed for the acquisition of data over the snowfields at different scales. The UAV was able to acquire higher resolution data, while the Hemispheric UAS was able to acquire a larger area in a single flight. The combination of the two platforms allowed us to collect data at different spatial scales, providing a more detailed picture of the snowfields over Svalbard. The Hemispheric UAS and UAV provided a valuable tool for monitoring snowfields from the ground, providing data on the spectral reflectance and snow cover over the area. In conclusion, the combination of the Hemispheric UAS and UAV provided a powerful tool for collecting valuable data on the snowfields of Svalbard, allowing for a detailed picture of the area to be produced.