Summary
Cold water immersion (CWI) is used as a recovery strategy after exercise or training to alleviate muscle soreness and accelerate recovery. CWIs effectiveness depends on its ability to decrease tissue temperature which leads to reductions in metabolism, blood flow and nerve conduction velocity. A reduction in tissue temperature causes vasoconstriction which decreases blood flow to the extremities reducing fluid filtration and edema. cooling also reduces nerve conduction velocity slowing pain perception. Eighteen trials on contrast water therapy found significantly greater improvements in muscle soreness at five follow up time points. However, six studies on cryotherapy found no consistent benefits. Massage and low intensity exercise had no effects. Differences in methodologies, water temperatures and immersion times has led to inconsistent findings on the benefits of CWI. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses show small to moderate effects of CWI on decreasing muscle soreness and improving recovery of muscle function. The studies reviewed had a high risk of bias due to lack of blinding and randomization. The optimal method of CWI is still unclear but immersion at 8-15°C for 10-15 minutes may have the greatest benefits.
The quality of research using SEQES to rate research studies received high scores in literature review and study design. Contrast bath studies had low quality scores.
Published By:
DEB Stanton, R Lazaro, JC MacDermid - Journal of Hand Therapy, 2009 - Elsevier
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No study has been conducted on the effects of different types of ice using the same material.
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PD Glasgow, R Ferris, CM Bleakley - Physical therapy in sport, 2014 - Elsevier
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Contrast Water Therapy (CWT) may help reduce muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 trials. Pooled data from 13 studies showed that CWT resulted in significantly greater improvements in muscle soreness.
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F Bieuzen, CM Bleakley, JT Costello - PloS one, 2013 - journals.plos.org
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Immersion in cold water can lead to a decrease in limb blood flow, but a study found that immersion in 8°C water resulted in less vasoconstriction in the thigh compared to immersion in 22°C water. This suggests that although whole limb blood flow was similar, more blood was directed to the skin in colder water.
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W Gregson, MA Black, H Jones… - … American journal of …, 2011 - journals.sagepub.com
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A search was conducted for original research on cryotherapy and joint position sense. Various databases were used to gather information from 1973 to 2009.
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JT Costello, AE Donnelly - Journal of athletic training, 2010 - meridian.allenpress.com
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There was a systematic review of medical literature on the terms and definitions used to describe drowning incidents. Guidelines for uniform reporting of data were recommended.
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L Papa, R Hoelle, A Idris - Resuscitation, 2005 - Elsevier
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Ice water submersion effectively lowers core body temperature in hyperthermic patients, as demonstrated in two case studies. More research is needed to confirm this method's effectiveness.
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LK Laskowski, A Landry, SU Vassallo… - Clinical …, 2015 - Taylor & Francis
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The survey will compare different recovery strategies used after training and competition. It aims to determine the most effective methods based on scientific evidence.
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F Crowther, R Sealey, M Crowe… - BMC Sports …, 2017 - bmcsportsscimedrehabil …
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Bathing during labor is a safe and popular method of temporary pain relief. It can reduce labor pain and potentially decrease the use of pain medications.
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PP Simkin, MA O'hara - American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2002 - Elsevier
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Massage therapy reduced pain and increased strength, effects were small. Cryotherapy and light exercise had little impact.
Published By:
R Torres, F Ribeiro, JA Duarte, JMH Cabri - Physical Therapy in Sport, 2012 - Elsevier
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