Disinformation is intentionally misleading information designed to deceive and sway opinion, distinct from misinformation, which may be false but is not necessarily intended to mislead. The rise of disinformation has significant implications for democracy, press freedom, and minority rights, often fueled by strategic manipulation through social media channels. Techniques include the use of trolls, bots, and sensational content aimed at undermining trust in mainstream institutions. Disinformation is disseminated by various actors, including far-right groups and foreign agents like Russia, who aim to destabilize democratic systems by promoting radical agendas. Effective detection and counterstrategies are essential, highlighting the need for clearer conceptualization of disinformation in both academic and public discourse. This involves distinguishing it from other forms like propaganda and miscommunication, emphasizing its deliberate intent and societal harm. Addressing disinformation requires robust frameworks that not only identify falsehoods but also consider the intent behind them. There is a call for shifting research away from the "fake news" narrative towards understanding disinformation's strategic functions within political and social contexts. Moreover, the EU is moving towards stricter regulations through measures such as the Digital Services Act, which seeks to increase transparency and accountability of digital platforms, although content moderation raises concerns about freedom of expression. Ultimately, combating disinformation involves strategic communication, enhanced media literacy, and regulatory measures that ensure platforms provide transparent and reliable information, supporting the integrity and functionality of democratic institutions.